The aim of the exercise appropriate to each kind of anomaly has been described in the previous chapters, but the general principles can be summarised as follows: Fusional reserves can be used to assess the outcome, but the reserves to blur point were so inconsistent they were unusable ( Horwood & Toor, 2014 ).ĭevelopment of Fusional Reserves and Relative Accommodation The study found that an enthusiastic therapist and the patient trying harder was a major factor on the outcome. Sensory adaptations to heterophoria often spontaneously resolve when motor factors have been treated.Ī study, somewhat limited by excluding participants with binocular vision anomalies, found that methods that exercise convergence and accommodation independently are most effective ( Horwood & Toor, 2014 ). The treatment of central suppression has been left until last because, in many cases, this does not require treatment. NPC, Near point of convergence.Įxercises in this chapter will be considered under three main headings: (1) development of fusional reserves and relative accommodation (2) exercises that train accommodation and convergence in their usual relationship (3) exercises for the treatment of central suppression. Schematic illustration of ramp-type of exercise (on left e.g., push-up NPC exercises) and step-type (on right e.g., flippers). Although a few studies support the argument that one of these types is more effective than another, most authors nowadays accept that eye exercises are more likely to be effective if they employ a variety of approaches.
#Stereogram exercises plus
Ramp exercises are exemplified by flipper exercises where the patient rapidly alternates accommodation between plus and minus lenses. An example of the former is push-up, ‘pen-to-nose’ near point of convergence exercises. A distinction can be made between exercises that provide a smooth, gradual, stimulus (ramp) and those that employ a sudden, step-like, stimulus ( Fig.
The general principles of eye exercises and the factors to be considered in the selection of patients are described in Chapter 6. The details of exercises for the treatment of suppression are given later rather than repeating them in each of the previous chapters. For example, the treatment of central suppression is appropriate to several different anomalies. This chapter gives details of particular exercises which may be fitted into the aims outlined. The preceding chapters on various heterophoric anomalies have described the general outlines for the management of these conditions.
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